Introduction
Power over Ethernet (PoE) is a valuable technology – it lets you power your devices using the same cable that carries your data. Forget about battling with endless power cords or hunting for spare outlets! Think of it as a buy-one-get-one-free deal, like scoring both delicious fries and a refreshing milkshake in one meal, but for your network setup. However, like all tech, PoE keeps changing. Network engineers are faced with terms like PoE, PoE+, UPoE, and even UPoE+.
This blog is here to help explain these PoE standards, focusing on PoE, PoE+, UPoE, and UPoE+. We’ll check out what each one can do, see where they work best, and talk about what it takes to set them up. Get ready, we’re about to give your networking knowledge a power boost!
Technical Specifications
Let’s dive into the technical details, but don’t worry, we’ll keep it simple. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) makes the rules for PoE, ensuring it all works correctly. Here’s a summary of what matters:
- 802.3af (PoE): The original standard. It’s like the basic model – reliable, but with some limitations.
- 802.3at Type 2 (PoE+): This is an upgraded version, offering more power. Think of it like a more advanced model with extra features.
- 802.3bt Type 3 (UPoE): But what is UPoE? UPoE provides a significant power increase, perfect for devices that need more energy.
- 802.3bt Type 4 (UPoE+): This is an upgraded version of UPoE that fully complies with the 802.3bt standard and provides even more power!
This table gives you the main points:
| Parameter | 802.3af (PoE) | 802.3at Type 2 (PoE+) | 802.3at Type 2 (PoE+) | 802.3bt Type 4 (UPoE+) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maximum power delivered by PSE | 15.40 W | 30.0 W | 60.0 W | 100.0 W |
| Voltage range (at PSE) | 44.0-57.0 V | 50.0-57.0 V | 50.0-57.0 V | 52.0-57.0 V |
| Maximum current | 350 mA | 600 mA | 600 mA per pair | 960 mA per pair |
| Power available at PD | 12.95 W | 25.50 W | 51.0 W | 71.3 W |
| Voltage range (at PD) | 37.0-57.0 V | 42.5-57.0 V | 42.5-57.0 V | 41.1-57.0 V |
| Pair Used | Mode A or B | Mode A or B | Mode A or B or 4-pair mode | 4-pair mode |
| Setup Scheme | Hardware | Hardware (+ LLDP*) | Hardware (+ CDP*) | Hardware |
Pro-Tip
Both UPoE and UPoE+ are Cisco proprietary technologies. Cisco UPoE+ combines the IEEE 802.3bt standard and Cisco UPoE, making it backwards compatible with 802.3af and 802.3at.
What is the difference between PoE and UPoE?
It’s all about power. PoE (802.3af) provides up to 15.4W, but UPoE (802.3bt Type 3) delivers up to 60W. That’s a significant increase! UPoE also uses all four pairs in the Ethernet cable, whereas PoE and PoE+ can operate on just two. This is like doubling the number of wires in a circuit to carry more electricity.
Implementation Requirements
You need to do a bit more than simply connect a device to a cable to get the benefits of PoE. Here are some key things to know:
- Network Infrastructure: Your switches have to support the specific PoE standard you intend to use.
- Cabling: While Category 5e cable might work for some PoE implementations, it’s best not to rely on it. Category 6 or 6A is much better, particularly for UPoE, to handle the increased power and minimize heat. Think of it like choosing the right gauge of wire for an electrical appliance – you need a thicker wire for higher power.
- Temperature: Cables carrying PoE can generate heat. It is wise to be mindful of this.
- Power Budget: Every PoE switch has a maximum power output. Ensure that the combined power draw of your connected devices doesn’t exceed this limit.
Applications and Use Cases
PoE powers lots of different devices. Here’s where you might find it:
- Enterprise: Phones, WiFi access points, security cameras.
- Industrial: Sensors, controllers, automation equipment.
- Smart Buildings: Lighting, HVAC controls, access control systems.
- IoT Devices: PoE is a key enabler for the Internet of Things, connecting various smart devices.
What devices support UPoE?
Because UPoE offers more power, it’s suitable for devices like:
- High-performance WiFi access points
- Thin clients
- Digital signage
- Point-of-sale (POS) systems
- PTZ (Pan-Tilt-Zoom) cameras
Migration and Compatibility
Is UPoE backward compatible?
Generally, yes! A UPoE-capable switch can usually power devices that require PoE or PoE+. It’s like having a power supply that can provide different voltages – it can handle devices with lower power requirements. However, a PoE or PoE+ switch cannot power a UPoE device.
How do I upgrade to UPoE?
To use UPoE, here’s what to do:
- Figure out what you need: Which of your devices require the higher power provided by UPoE?
- Get the right gear: You’ll want UPoE switches. You might need new cables too.
- Plan it out: Think about how much power you need (calculate your power budget!), and where the cables will go.
Pro-Tip
Finding that your new switch doesn’t have enough wattage to power up all your devices after installing everything can be a hassle. To prevent this from happening to you, make sure to calculate your power budget before purchasing and installing a switch. There are multiple PoE calculators available online for free.
Management and Security
PoE is mostly about power, but you should think a little about management and security.
- Network Management: PoE switches often let you check how much power is being used, turn devices on and off from far away, and choose which devices get power first.
- Security considerations: PoE by itself is not a security risk. Though, following normal security rules is always a good idea.
Enterprise vs Small Business Considerations
The choice between PoE, PoE+, and UPoE depends on the size of your network and the type of devices present.
- Scale: Big companies with lots of devices are more likely to need PoE+ or UPoE.
- Cost: Buying PoE+ and UPoE equipment usually costs more at the start.
- Complexity: Setting up UPoE can be a bit trickier, so you need to plan carefully.
Conclusion
That’s it – a complete guide to PoE, PoE+, and UPoE! Power over Ethernet isn’t just a handy way to power devices; it’s essential for modern networks. Picking the right PoE standard is vital for a reliable, efficient network that’s ready for anything – from a few IP phones to a whole smart building. Know the capabilities of each standard, think about your current and future needs, and you’ll be set to make the best choice.
And if you want to test and troubleshoot your PoE setup, NetAlly can help. Our EtherScope® nXG, LinkRunner® 10G, LinkRunner® AT 3000, and LinkRunner® AT 4000, offer complete PoE testing (up to 90W, for UPoE!), plus many other features to keep your network healthy. Good luck and keep those cables tidy!
